The variables hp and uw are well described by the relations Nuw = 1.13KF0.02Nλ0.31Re0.37 and Nhp = 0.49KF0.044Nλ0.34Re0.46, and also by Nhp = 0.425KF0.019Nuw54 and Nuw = 1.13KF0.026NV12 where Nuw,Nhp.Nλ.KF.NV and Re are respectively dimension-less phase velocity, wave peak height, wave separation, physical properties group, volume of liquid carried on a wave and Reynolds number.
The Rayleigh wave speed is always less than the phase velocity of P1 and shear waves, and always higher than the phase velocity of P3 wave.
Compared to the surface wave transmission coefficient, the phase velocity is less sensitive to the presence of cracks.
At periods of 30 s and longer, sampling the lithosphere, the structure seems smoother, with less small-scale variations in phase velocity.
In transparent materials, the refractive index generally is greater than 1, meaning that the phase velocity is less than c.
We assume that the phase velocity, Re(c), is less than the P- and S-wave speeds in the solid.
It is observed that an increase in pulsation intensity does not affect the shape of the concentration profile; however, the average slope becomes less steep with a decrease in dispersed phase velocity.
The attenuation, however, is less effective for waves that have a subsonic phase velocity relative to the ambient flow.
Since the phase velocity of the Rayleigh wave is less than the S-wave velocity, we set the upper threshold of the phase velocity as 4.5 km/s.
In this group, the phase velocity, Re(c), is always positive and less than the Mach number.
This technique allows us to determine the dominant back azimuth and phase velocity of an incoming seismic wave, so long as the network's station spacing is less than half the wavelength.
