Less proficient listeners, who often lack flexibility in using listening strategies, either focus too much on the text of the listening or on their background knowledge during listening.
Since meta-cognitive strategies are closely related to directing the listening process, it may be harder for less proficient listeners to use meta-cognitive strategies due to cognitive constraints of processing at the perception level (Goh 2008; Yeldham 2016).
Also, its number of active listeners fell from September to 70.9 million, suggesting that some of the less dedicated listeners tried out Apple's new service, according to Anmuth. .
Musically experienced listeners (with >6 yrs. of musical training) were more sensitive to performance expression than less experienced listeners.
Perhaps not coincidentally, this strategy helps Grimaud attract younger, less committed listeners who shop for music online.
(It's a shtick that may win over less picky listeners, but it won't stand up to scrutiny – the concept of manufactured indie is a million times more offensive than manufactured pop).
But where Mr. Pollini's supporters argue that these qualities are at the service of warm-hued, impassioned performances, less impressed listeners hear his readings as icy and calculated, even when the surfaces are incendiary.
When Mr. Shearing disbanded the group in 1978, it was less because listeners had grown tired of that instrumentation and sound (although the group's popularity, like that of mainstream jazz in general, had declined considerably) than because Mr. Shearing himself had.
The band's influences are drawn from outside the indie canon – the xx are famously fans of modern R&B, which might account for the album's preoccupation with sultry yearning, not a mood indie music traditionally conjures: it sounds original, but isn't abstruse enough to scare less adventurous listeners.
Proficient L2 listeners do indeed show greater use of meta-cognitive strategies such as planning, monitoring, evaluating, and problem-solving than less proficient listeners (Vandergrift 2003, 2005).
