The greatest LE advantages were found in European cyclists [13, 27, 28], whereas the lowest LEs were found in Finnish powerlifters [53].
Multiple realizations for LES were performed to understand the realization to realization variation and to establish best practices for ensemble-averaging diesel spray flames.
The standard k ε model and a two-equation heat-transfer model as RANS models, and LES, were used for the CFD simulation.
Steady-state and transient non-reacting simulations using five different turbulence models, i.e. standard k-ε, realizable k-ε, shear stress transport (SST) k-ω, stress-blended eddy simulation (SBES) and large eddy simulation (LES), were conducted.
Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) were carried out for a turbine rim seal and the sensitivity of the results to changes in grid resolution and the size of the computational domain are investigated.
Five sets of large-eddy simulations (LES) were performed to examine the characteristics of flows and pollutant dispersion in two-dimensional (2D) urban street canyons of unity building-height-to-street-width ratio in neutral, unstable, and stable thermal stratifications.
