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These simulations utilize the large eddy simulation (LES) method and aeroacoustic analogy at an angle of attack of 0° and a Reynolds number of 1.0×105, based on using the airfoil chord as the characteristic length.
The swirling flow in a tube with the outlet designed in the form of an orifice nozzle with centered and eccentrical openings, investigated experimentally by Grundmann et al. (2012), was studied computationally by employing Large Eddy Simulation (LES) method and a Hybrid LES/RANS (Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes) method.
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Finally, we compared the performance among the proposed method, LE method, and EHBE method.
The objective tests show that the audio quality with the proposed method is a little bit better than the LE method and EHBE method.
In addition, the proposed method, LE method, and EHBE method were employed to extend the bandwidth of the audio signals decoded by the ITU-T G.722.1 WB codec.
The bandwidth extension performance of the proposed method is higher than that of the typical LE method and is comparable to that of the conventional EHBE method.
This paper combines the LE method and MLE method to reduce dimension of data and the intrinsic structure in high-dimension data space can be found, and the dimension of feature parameter can be reduced.
The audio quality for G.722.1 codec, G.722.1C codec, LE method, EHBE method, and the proposed PSR method was evaluated for subjective listening test with a 100-point scale (100~80, excellent; 80~60, good; 60~40, fair; 40~20, poor; 20~0, bad).
The objective and subjective evaluations show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than linear extrapolation (LE) method [8] and is comparable to the EHBE method [10].
The maximum tensile loads of all reinforcement layers at the wall failure predicted using FE analysis and LE method assuming uniform distribution of reinforced tensile loads were comparable.
The advantage of the simplified LE method is that buttress and support design iterations (along with sensitivity analysis of design parameters) can be completed for various cross-sections along the proposed overhanging rock sections in an efficient manner, compared to the more time-intensive, sophisticated methods that were used for the initial validation.
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