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The instrument parameters examined included detector voltage, laser energy, delay time, extraction voltage, and lens voltage.
Bottom panel: Ratio of the two signals from the first panel as a function of lens voltage.
During the microscope session, the objective lens voltage was adjusted to sufficiently high underfocus values (~1,000 nm).
In this case the focusing is optimal only for a relatively narrow range of velocities which depends on the lens voltage.
Total transmission, including the lens, with ±12 kV on the guide electrodes are shown as red curve (lens voltage ±2 kV) and pink curve (lens voltage ±4 kV). Figure 10 shows the transmission through the electric guide (as color code, without the lens) as a function of velocity and the ratio m/μ 0 when the guide is operated with ±12 kV.
Mass spectra were recorded in reflector mode with the ion source 1 (ISI) set to 25.00 kV, source 2 (ISI) set to 21.50 kV, a lens voltage of 9.51 kV and performed with the laser energies of 55 ± 5%.
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Statistical analyses determined that the tuning parameters impacting the signal-to-noise ratio were cone, capillary, extractor, radio frequency (RF) lens voltages and high mass resolution (HM Res1).
In this study, we investigated the zoom-lens properties of the three-, four- and five-element electrostatic lens systems as a function of the lens voltages and their dimensions.
Top panel: ion signal (red dots, left scale) and REMPI signal (black dots, right scale) for NH 3 molecules being ionized either by Penning ionisation with Ne 3P2) or by REMPI, and focused with different lens voltages.
Two methods were used to evaluate the lens: observation of the focused beam spot on a specially fabricated target while systematically varying lens voltages, and the grid-shadow technique.
In addition, the protonated species of both SM (d18 0/16:0) and PC (16:0/16:0) exhibited greater tendencies to fragment at higher heated capillary temperatures and high tube lens voltages, whereas the PE (16:0/16:0) ions did not appear to exhibit fragility during ion transport.
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