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The closed lens eye in b has both a lens (L) and a cornea (CO).
The second eye type is a lens eye that projects from the back of the animal (Hirasaka 1922).
The complex lens eye is homologous among humans, lizards, and fish, but the same trait is homoplasious between humans and squid, having evolved independently in vertebrates and mollusks.
Nautilus serves as a prime example of a pinhole eye, falling morphologically just between the pit eye of Pleurotomaria and the lens eye of Nucella.
For over 100 years, molluscan eyes have been used as an example of convergent evolution and, more recently, as a textbook example of stepwise evolution of a complex lens eye via natural selection.
In their classic review of eye diversity and evolution, Salvini-Plawen and Mayr (1977) noted that "it requires little persuasion to become convinced that the lens eye of a vertebrate and the compound eye of an insect are independent evolutionary developments".
Similar(51)
Relative to pinhole eyes, lens eyes have greatly improved resolution and image brightness.
The lens eyes of fish and cephalopod mollusks are superficially very similar.
As stated above, the eyes of gastropods range from simple eye pits to complex lens eyes.
Fig. 5 The strepsipteran eye represents a combination of a compound eye and image-forming lens eyes.
Both lineages bear the same type of complex lens eyes that we inherited from our common ancestor (Fig. 2).
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