Moreover, this same tool has been previously used with short-length terminated convolutional codes by the authors in [10] with successful results.
Thus, we conclude that a major fraction of the ∼35-nt RNA species, but not the full-length terminated transcript, is RNAP-associated.
We quantified the extent of pausing by dividing the signal associated with a pause RNA by the sum of this signal and the signal associated with the full-length terminated transcript (hereafter termed relative abundance).
The results indicate that a major fraction of the ∼35-nt RNA species, but not the full-length terminated transcript, was immunoprecipitated with an antibody against FLAG whether the cells lacked or contained plasmid encoded overproduced σ.
In addition, the full-length terminated transcript was at least as stable in stationary phase as in exponential phase, excluding the possibility that the increase in the relative abundance of the pause RNA might simply reflect a destabilization of the full-length transcript in stationary phase.
To detect nascent RNAs associated with paused TECs (pause RNAs) and full-length terminated transcripts produced from this template, we isolated total RNA and used Northern blotting with a locked-nucleic-acid (LNA) probe, as described previously (Deighan et al., 2011).
We have also observed this effect with microarrays synthesized with oligonucleotides of increasing lengths terminated by a coupling with a Cy3 or Cy5 phosphoramidite (data not shown).
The stout tail comprises about one-third of the total length, terminating in a caudal fin shaped like an equilateral triangle with slightly convex margins.
The applicator is only 4 mm in diameter and 20 cm in length, terminating at the tip with a curved microwave applicator.
