The length was standardised to 2 min and operationalised as a guided imagery task.
Participants in the control group will be provided with two pairs of full length bilateral standardised footshaped flat insoles made of low density ethyl vinyl acetate (Foot Function Ltd, New Zealand).
This method uses branch lengths to standardise contrasts between closely related taxa and is able to deal with the soft polytomies present in our phylogeny (Garland and Díaz-Uriarte [ 83]).
To test whether branch lengths had adequately standardised the contrasts, we performed regression analysis on the PICs of both characters against their standard deviation.
Applied tracking parameters were standardised: minimal/maximal fibre length 10 100 mm; minimum/maximum FA thresholds 0.10 0.50; angle threshold < 10 15º; integration step length 0.1 voxel.
However, the branch transformation methods of Grafen [ 86], showed no significant relationship between contrasts and their standard deviations for both characters (DNA content, p = 0.289; Spore length, p = 0.090) (see Table 3), indicating the contrasts had been adequately standardised by branch lengths.
In the study by Keppie et al. [ 7], height and length of the accumulation was standardised to the width of the mid-body of a rib.
The strengths of our study are large sample size, prospective design, length of follow-up, and standardised examinations by trained physicians.
In 1988, 11 Japanese observes were placed on board 10 Japanese squid driftnetting vessels and observations were made on 464 operations involving 533,618 tans standardised to 50m in length each, equivalent to 26,681 km of netting.
Since y is a single trait, qh is a scalar and is stored in the column vector q. 6. vh = Ch ph, standardised to have Euclidean length 1.
