In an electrical circuit, the I (electrical current) denotes the flow (Q), the resistance denotes the length of fluid channel (R) [7].
Data Summary of measurements of renal function in kidneys and single nephrons of wild type, Akita, and Akita/A1AR-/ mice Units length of fluid column, nl total fluid volume collected, min collection time, flow flow rate (nl/min), Ucpm I125 counts per minute in total fluid volume, Bkg I125 background, column H net cpm (Ucpm-Bkg), TF tubular fluid (cpm/nl).
Single experiments in wild type (WT) mice Units length of fluid column, nl total fluid volume collected, min collection time, flow flow rate (nl/min), Ucpm I125 counts per minute in total fluid volume, Bkg I125 background, column H net cpm (Ucpm-Bkg), TF tubular fluid (cpm/nl).
Single experiments in Akita mice Units length of fluid column, nl total fluid volume collected, min collection time, flow flow rate (nl/min), Ucpm I125 counts per minute in total fluid volume, Bkg I125 background, column H net cpm (Ucpm-Bkg), TF tubular fluid (cpm/nl).
Single experiments in Akita/A1AR-/ (DKO) mice Units length of fluid column, nl total fluid volume collected, min collection time, flow flow rate (nl/min), Ucpm I125 counts per minute in total fluid volume, Bkg I125 background, column H net cpm (Ucpm-Bkg), TF tubular fluid (cpm/nl).
The model can account for the influences of nonlinear spring effect of vapor slugs, interphase mass-transferring effect, fluid filling ratio, operating temperatures of the evaporator and condenser, different heating modes (top- or bottom-heating), gravity, bending pressure loss, properties of the working fluid, and different random distributions of initial velocities and lengths of fluid slugs.
In the RCT conducted by Slesak et al [ 3], median length of hospital stay and duration of fluid infusion did not vary significantly between patients having IV and SC infusions, however the median (minimum; maximum) volume of IV infusions was significantly greater than SC infusions (1000 500 1500) mL/d, 750(457; 1500) mL/d, p = 0.002).
For an internal fluid in the Erlenmeyer flask at different shaking speeds, the Kolmogorov eddy length of the fluid turbulence could be calculated from Equation (2) [27].
The turbulence intensity could be demonstrated by the Kolmogorov eddy length of the fluid [26].
The length of the fluid inlet to the T-junction was 5 mm and the length from the T-junction to the fluidic outlet was 30 mm.
Thermometers function by relating an unobservable quantity, temperature, to an observable quantity, expansion (or length) of a fluid or gas in a glass tube; that is, thermometers measure temperature by assuming that length is a function of temperature: length = $f$(temperature).
