The philosophical career of Sidney Hook was characterized by the length and constancy of his commitment to the philosophy of John Dewey.
In sum, we found no evidence that reduced energetic demands of incubation (through egg heating) changed the length or constancy of incubation bouts in biparentally incubating semipalmated sandpipers.
Further, neither the parent that received heat nor the untreated parent changed their incubation bout length or constancy (Supplementary 1: Section 6, Tables S5 and S6).
To investigate whether the heating treatment changed the length or constancy of incubation, we specified the 3-way interaction of interest, namely whether the nest, parent, and incubation bout were treated (Supplementary 1: Section 6, Tables S3 S6).
The absence of major energetic constraints on the length and constancy of incubation bouts under the current experimental setup does not exclude the possibility of minor energetic constraints on incubation-scheduling or the possibility that such constraints become relevant when the demands of incubation are more extreme.
The rotational inertia of planet Earth is what fixes the constancy of the length of a day and the length of a year.
Its scientific origin is rooted in the studies of French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813 78), who made the key observation that complex organisms such as humans go to great lengths to preserve the constancy of what he called the "milieu intérieur" (internal environment).
Thus, energetic demands of incubation should constrain incubation-scheduling, that is, the length of incubation bouts, their constancy (the amount of time birds actually incubate within an incubation bout), and their timing.
Let be an interval of constancy of having the maximal length.
Also, size dimorphism appears an unlikely explanation because body size and mass did not explain much of the variation in the length of incubation bouts or in incubation constancy among females or males (Tables 2 and 3).
