Three distinct failure modes, classified as progressive end crushing, mid-length collapse and overlap opening, were observed in the dynamic crushing tests.
Simulation works focused on modelling the three modes of collapse (i.e. progressive end-crushing with tube wall laminate splaying, local tube-wall buckling and mid-length collapse) observed in the series of static and dynamic compression tests.
Three distinct failure modes, classified as progressive end crushing (I), unstable local buckling (II) and mid-length collapse (III), were observed in the axial crushing tests, whereas only one similar progressive collapse mode was observed in transverse bending tests.
Both orientation and curvature thresholds (when defined in angular terms) demonstrate scale invariance in that performance across a range of blur levels and line lengths collapse together as function of stimulus length divided by blur.
At times, in fact, Carter goes to excessive lengths to collapse the moral distinction between the Bush and Obama approach to war.
To compare simulated and inferred trees, branches with zero length were collapsed.
All branches with a zero branch length were collapsed.
Only branches which occurred in > 50% of the bootstrap trees were included in the final tree and all branches with a zero branch length were collapsed.
This structure is a natural consequence of the de Bruijn graph method of sequence assembly as the deconstruction of the sequence reads into k-mers (short subsequences of the reads of length k) collapses repeats that share the same k-mer into a single vertex (Pevzner et al., 2001).
After an early rush of work, feature-length cartoons collapsed in Korea in the 70s due to TV-based competition; now some think the video game industry is more seductive to young creatives.
50% majority rule consensus trees (with zero-length branches collapsed) were used to represent the evolutionary history of each segment.
