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The Green's function calculated by Eq. (5) for any branching structure with finite length branches includes an infinite number of terms.
We construed branch lengths as the count of unambiguous changes plus one (to correct for seven terminal zero length branches).
Zero length branches were collapsed if they lacked support under any of the most parsimonious reconstructions, following 'rule 1' of Coddington and Scharff [67].
As we required rooted, fully-resolved trees, we assigned an arbitrary individual bearing the most common haplotype (see Figure 2) to the outgroup and forced the analysis to retain zero length branches (using the pset collapse = no command in Paup*) rather than collapsing branches.
The maximum-clade-credibility tree (Fig. 3) produced by BEAST [39] was identical in the topology of the Attaleinae to the maximum likelihood tree (Fig. S4) and the majority rule consensus of the 12,500 trees sampled from the mixed model (partitioned) MrBayes analysis (Fig. 2), with the exception of a few taxa that terminate zero length branches, and some lower PP at some terminal clades.
Zero length branches are shown as polytomies on the tree.
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However, we observed no significant differences in total dendritic length, branch number, or dendritic complexity of EGFP+ DGCs between Oxtr −/− and WT mice at 28 dpi (Fig. 4e h).
These two methods also produced the "best" fitting trees to the data by any measurement (LnL, tree length, branch support).
Thus, model parameter misestimation contributes to ML branch length misestimation for some combinations of taxon sampling, branch length, branch depth, and dataset size.
In mixed culture, the main stem length, branch length, and internode length of mile-a-minute were significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) with increasing proportions of sweet potato.
The length, branching, and number of primary dendrites per neuron were not significantly altered upon Lpd knockdown (data not shown).
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