NHS providers' counterpart is a 'commercial - in confidence' argument for withholding information, although some PCTs reported an opposite problem, receiving masses of unanalysed data which left provider activity equally opaque.
But most states leave providers unregulated.
Many social housing providers have schemes to provide housing, support and sometimes care services that enable tenants to live as independently as possible, but the government's decision to reduce social housing rents and cap housing benefit could leave providers with a shortfall in income that could imperil many such schemes.
The credit-card act passed in America last year leaves providers with a choice between underpricing for some products, which is bad for them, or restricting their offerings, which is bad for consumers.Most would agree, however, that markets need both tighter rules and better enforcement.
However, there are few empirical studies of the dynamics of violence by girls, leaving providers of violence prevention programs and policy-makers without evidence on which to base gender-appropriate prevention strategies.
Also, it has been demonstrated that in a developing country (Rwanda in 2008) after ultrasound instructors leave, providers who were taught the new modality continue to use the new skill with great frequency and accuracy [10].
This leaves providers like myself with few options but to work on an out of network basis.
However, a gap in the literature remains about factors associated with sex work among transgender female youth, leaving providers and interventionists with little guidance as to the best prevention strategies to reduce HIV risk for this vulnerable group of youth.
Overwhelming paperwork and administrative demands, consuming up to 50% of time, further interfere with treatment, leaving providers feeling like "we're constantly running against the clock," "fighting to keep [our] nostrils above the proverbial water line" (Region C, Key Informant 4).
Tariff-based payment of competing providers appears on German experience to leave provider working practices less transparent than, say, negotiative order based on micro-commissioning which appears more readily to allow commissioners to promote evidence-based clinical practice and inter-organisational coordination of complex care.
