His attempt to revive stricter discipline and to unite two branches of the Augustinians in Germany led to revolt, and Luther was one of two monks chosen to present at Rome the appeal of some of the order's dissident houses.
This sometimes led to revolt on the part of villagers, who were forced to take drugs whose efficacy they doubted and who were touched and prodded in unfamiliar ways.
Rome was unable to feed and supply this new army, which ultimately led to revolt in the ranks and the beginning of the continued pounding of Rome that ensured its fall a century later.
The outrageously extravagant expenditures and the completely sinicized lifestyle of the empress Hu led to revolts.
To pay for his reforms, he increased taxation, but this led to revolts in 1840, 1842, and 1843.
Incompetence in mounting effective resistance to invaders also led to revolts and civil wars, as for instance in 887 when Arnulf, an illegitimate son of Louis the German's son Carloman, led an army of Bavarians in a successful revolt against his uncle, Charles the Fat.
Louis I had carefully planned his three elder sons' inheritances, but from 829 onward his attempts to allocate substantial territory to the future Charles II (the Bald), his young son by a second wife, led to revolts by Charles's half brothers.
The fall of Mr. Ben Ali in January led to revolts in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Syria and Bahrain but crushed Tunisia's own economy, wiping at least $2 billion from its estimated gross domestic product in the first month of the revolution, Mr. Cheikhrouhou said.
These confiscations led to revolts, which resulted in more confiscations, a cycle that continued for five years after the Battle of Hastings.
Sayf al-Dawla's final years were marked by military defeats, his own growing disability as a result of disease, and a decline in his authority that led to revolts by some of his closest lieutenants.
"We must refuse austerity, because austerity leads to revolt," Mr. Moscovici said.
