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Ancient peoples liked the sweeter phenotype, applying intense selection, which led to fixation of the r allele in populations of cultivated peas.
It is possible that the ancestral progenitor of these viruses had an isoleucine at E2-211 and the absence of the selective pressure at this position led to fixation of this mutation in the viral population.
Selective breeding led to fixation of morphological features of these animals, mainly of their colour types.
This led to fixation for alternative alleles in the two lines at approximately 100 loci across the genome (Johansson et al. 2010).
Random genetic drift due to repeated population crashes during the overwintering phase led to fixation of a single fungal genotype (in terms of its virulence), often within 100 seasons.
For example, given the reduced cost of the truncated pAtC58 in the laboratory strain, it is certainly possible that something as simple as isolation of the largest colony on a Petri plate during cultivation could easily have led to fixation of this deletion among certain lineages.
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In fact, it was suspected that cyclic loads applied by demanding patients could lead to fixation failure.
The inability to predict positive selection on a gene in one lineage by identifying elevated dN/dS ratios in the orthologue within another lineage needs to be noted, as it reflects that adaptive mutations are generally rare events that lead to fixation in individual lineages.
The loss in variability leads to fixation on special substrates.
This is thought to lead to fixation even when effective population sizes are relatively modest [ 4].
Over time, random genetic drift leads to fixation of different mtDNA haplotypes and nuclear alleles in different populations.
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