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But that's not because parents worry about leaving offspring with "strangers"; most Swedish toddlers are in subsidized preschools, and most parents finish their jobs in time to pick them up.
Birds with too much corticosterone often abandon their nests, leaving offspring to the elements.
On the face of it, this concept does not seem to be related to leaving offspring, so let us see how the concept of 'fitness' became for so many evolutionary biologists 'how many offspring you leave'.
Although caste in the social insects can be a highly specialized adaptation for defense, for food storage, or for brood care, its attendant sterility does not serve caste members well in leaving offspring of their own for the next generation.
All dispersing individuals, independent of genotype, pay a "cost of dispersal" – they have a probability c (0 ≤ c ≤ 1) of perishing without leaving offspring due to the direct energetic costs of locomotion, predation and dispersal risks.
However, such "genetic extinction" is not the same as demographic extinction (where all individuals die without leaving offspring); there are still naturally reproducing populations that have many of the biological attributes and genes that characterize the native species.
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Variant organisms will leave offspring like themselves.
The term natural selection is shorthand for saying that all organisms do not survive to leave offspring with the same probability.
In the gentle mode, genotypes with moderate fitness values can leave offspring.
Their bearers were more likely to survive to leave offspring with these same variations.
In the radical mode, only a small number of genotypes with the highest or near highest fitness values can leave offspring.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com