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The decomposition rate of leaves damaged by free-living insects was 91% of that of undamaged leaves, whereas the mass loss of leaves composing shelters did not differ of that of undamaged leaves.
We hypothesized that the decomposition rate is faster for shelters of leaf-tying larvae than for leaves damaged by free-living insects, in particular due to the accumulation of larval frass within shelters.
These differences between leaves damaged by different guilds of herbivorous insects were uniform across the study sites, although the decomposition rate in polluted sites was reduced to 77% of that in unpolluted sites.
Although metaldehyde caused more rapid slug mortality than the nematodes, the nematodes provided plant protection (i.e., number of leaves damaged and leaf area eaten) equal or better than metaldehyde.
This means that N-deficient leaves damaged all of the photochemical and non- photochemical redox reactions and had a decreased capacity for electron transport, thus limiting ATP synthesis and RuBP regeneration.
We exposed litter bags containing samples of three different compositions (shelters built by moth larvae, leaves damaged by free-living insects and intact leaves of mountain birch, Betula pubescens ssp. czerepanovii) for one year at two heavily polluted sites near the nickel-copper smelter at Monchegorsk in north-western Russia and at two unpolluted sites.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com