Exact(1)
Based upon these observations, respondents described several areas related to feedback, including the timing, content, level of learner, direction, and overall value.
Similar(59)
Surveys of online instructors from ten community colleges measured attitudes toward learner self-direction, instructional technology, and innovation; external facilitators and constraints; Web 2.0 knowledge and interest; and intended and actual use of Web 2.0.
This is particularly true in cases of independent study, in which materials must guide learners in this "right" direction without interfering with the learner's ability to realize, understand, and correct mistakes (Perkinson 1984).
These are distinguished as the traditional standard pedagogical practice where the instructor plays an authoritative role in the instructional process and transmits his or her knowledge to learners in a uniform direction, against the critical reflective pedagogical practice where learners are encouraged to be participatory and reflective in an instructor-guided community of inquiry (Lipman 1991).
Such scaffolds often seek to highlight differences between the desired and current learner performances and provide direction to students who are unsure of how to proceed.
The authors believe that there are two prerequisites for erroneous answers and their explanations to guide learners in the right direction: (1) the choices should reflect a typically occurring learning error envisaged by the teacher, and (2) the learner must closely examine the differences between the erroneous and correct answers.
In addition to following the new directions of learner modelling described above, this potentially large-scale approach is in line with the developing and currently popular field of learning analytics.
The section that follows provides some examples of current directions of learner modelling, and the final section of the introduction presents the visualisation of learning data, ending with the current need for maintaining the accuracy of learner models comprising data from multiple sources.
Most so-called "education" is a form of brainwashing, as it points learners in a certain direction and teaches them doubtful skills from one perspective only.
Here are some good starter questions to prime that pump: Are you an independent learner or do you need direction?
According to Oxford (1990), language strategies are teachable and an appropriate use of strategies "enables students to take responsibility for their own learning by enhancing learner autonomy, independence, and self-direction" (p. 10).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com