A post-hoc main comparison between the two learned expressions (raspberry and extended grunt) and the two species-typical emotional expressions (pant-hoot and food-bark) revealed that learned expressions had significantly higher (more rightward) mouth area FAIs than those of the species-typical emotional expressions (F 1,90) = 28.87, p<.0001).
There were significant main effects of expression type for both rater 1 (F(3,38) = 4.39, p = .0096) and rater 2 (F(3,38) = 3.31, p<.0302) and the learned expressions (raspberry and extended grunt) were significantly more rightward compared to the species-typical emotional expressions (pant-hoot and food-bark) for both rater 1 (F(1,38) = 7.43, p<.0097) and rater 2 (F(1,90) = 8.74, p<.0053).
This is a problem that ISOLATE is able to mitigate because of the constraints it places on the learned cancer expression profile.
At the time of the spread of Muslim power and culture in India, Sanskrit was the chief language of Hindu cultural, learned, and religious expression, while Buddhism and Jainism had lent their prestige and patronage to various Prākrits.
As the water cues did not have motivational value, the correlations between the cortex and the nucleus accumbens shell in the water cues group may reflect a conditioned inhibitory process or activity within a circuit that mediates the expression of learned irrelevance.
Because bees were subjected to a total of six CS-US pairings, the LS spans from 5 (bees that learn well) to 0 (no expression of the learned response).
PrL plays a role in expression of learned fear.
This region is activated during conditioned-fear acquisition as well as during the expression of learned fear (see for an overview [23]).
This network workspace may allow for the flexible manipulation of information and flexible expression of learned behaviour, considered to be one of the cardinal cognitive attributes of conscious experience [64].
Indeed, chronic treatment with the NK1 receptor antagonist did not affect fear conditioning in HAB animals per se, further suggesting that fear conditioning and expression of learned fear represent two distinct processes, most likely only the latter involving the NK1 receptor system.
