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Our observations on male chipping sparrows suggest that the extent of dependence on these three sources of information – innate motor, innate perceptual and learned by reference to auditory information – differs even among individuals of a same species and moreover that this ratio can change as vocal development progresses.
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The behavioural significance of such mechanisms is indicated by reference to learning theory.
In configural learning, the subject cannot solve the discrimination task by reference to a single element.
Section 1.1411-4(a)(1) operates by reference to Prop.
Indeed, homosexuality is itself defined by reference to gender.
Therefore, we report on lessons learned without direct reference to the researchers or their institutions.
These references were replaced by references to a rival report, financed in part by the American Petroleum Institute.
Embarrassed by references to bodily functions?
Through TWO, I learned of erroneous references to my work in an article by Jeff Buchanan, a senior director at Exodus, accessible through the Exodus app.
Learn by talking to individuals.
We do not use these classifiers in a binary way, but rather use the disease-class probability, which is the conditional probability of an individual to be part of the disease-class given its genotype, under the model of the reference disease learned by the classifier (see Section 7 for a precise definition for decision trees).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com