The dual leakage model solution developed here improves upon the previous efforts by adding a leaky lower boundary condition, allowing for the examination of airflow in heterogeneous layered soils.
The latest plate tectonic reconstruction models (Hall 1996, 2011, 2012; Gibbons et al. 2015 and references therein) suggest that between 90 and 75 Ma, India and Australia were separated by a leaky transform boundary.
Similar factors can also be found for when the leaky-end boundary condition, referred to as natural termination by Tuckwell [33], is imposed at the terminals.
As discussed in the previous section, the larger current differences in the polycrystalline structure could be attributed to the differences in the conductivities between the crystals (background) and grain boundaries (leaky sites).
Note, however, that other experiments, with sufficient resolution, have shown the relation between leaky sites and grain boundaries [27, 28].
It is important to emphasize that the correlation of the leaky positions with the grain boundaries is a qualitative result, since the resolution in these experiments is not high enough to resolve grain boundaries.
This would explain why in the sections "As-grown dielectrics" and "Stressed dielectrics" when working with a CAFM in ambient conditions, a point-to-point correlation between the topographical and electrical properties (in particular, between the leaky sites and the grain boundaries position) was not possible.
Sometimes no-flux boundaries might be considered leaky in that they allow one-way passage of objects across the boundary, essentially acting as a sink or source.
Since these leaky regions could be related to the grain boundaries between nanocrystals, charge trapping (in as-grown or generated defects) mainly occurs at those locations, leading to a higher reduction of the conductivity compared to the background areas.
The stabilizing boundary is also in contrast to the asymptote in leaky accumulation, which increases linearly with the strength of evidence (Busemeyer and Townsend, 1993; Usher and McClelland, 2001; Bogacz et al., 2006; Tsetsos et al., 2012).
