Also, the Leaf ranked within the top-three Nissan models in Honolulu and Portland, Oregon., Nissan noted that the Leaf is among the ten top selling vehicles in San Francisco regardless of powertrain.
The Leaf ranked as the third top selling new car in Norway in 2014 with 4,781 units delivered, capturing a 3.3% market share of total new car sales in the country., a total of 12,056 new Leafs have been sold in the country.
In brief, leaf ranking involves assigning leaves to one of four arbitrary levels or ranks along a continuum of increasing organization.
Two ferns (Onoclea L. and Woodwardia Sm). and a leaf of Gnetum L. were also included, all showing relatively low ranks, although leaf ranking was not originally intended to be applied outside the dicots.
The coders ranged in experience from no prior experience with examination of leaf venation (C.A.P., B.K). to over a decade of experience with the specific techniques of leaf ranking (S.L.W., L.J.H).
Instead, like ordinal scales used in medicine (e.g., cancer staging), the method of leaf ranking retains its utility for practical reasons: data are quickly and easily obtained, even on leaves or leaf images of dubious quality.
In the process, we also hope to demystify leaf ranking, which has been considered a sort of black magic, as our results suggest that extensive training is not necessary for reliable application of the method.
We will not provide a full description here of the practice of leaf ranking, but instead refer the reader to Hickey (1971), Doyle and Hickey (1976), Hickey (1977), and Ash et al. (1999).
Despite the substantial differences among coders in experience with leaf venation in general and with leaf ranking in particular, the pairwise correlations between coders ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 and did not seem strongly correlated with experience that is, the more experienced coders did not systematically agree more with each other than the inexperienced coders.
Because objective recognition of vein orders above third order is doubtful and data presented here suggest that a scale with a total of five to seven levels might be sufficient, an improved leaf ranking system might rely only on separation of primary, secondary, and intercostal venation and be limited to six ranks.
Different letters mean significant (p < 0.05) differences between leaf rank of the same condition and stars highlight significant differences between conditions for the same leaf rank.
