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The pattern of restriction of TEV foci on leaves at or near the boundaries of certain cell types and leaf boundaries suggest dysregulation of a multidirectional non-cell autonomous regulatory mechanism.
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Calculated leaf boundary resistance was clearly lower for conifers (3 24 m s−1) than for broad-leaved trees (33 64 m s−1).
Turbulent transport of SO2 to the leaf boundary layer and subsequent diffusion across stomatal pores into the mesophyllic cells is modeled at the micro level, including its ionic dissociation in the leaf׳s interior.
The objective of this work was to characterize the leaf boundary-layer conductance (gb) in highly ventilated greenhouse conditions and to study its dependence on the ventilation conductance (gv) and outside conditions.
A complete panorama of the studies pertaining to air movement inside the various greenhouse types is presented and it is particularly focused on recent studies dealing with plant air interactions, particularly the leaf boundary layer climate and the air flows within the crop canopy.
Wind speed determines leaf boundary layer conductance, which directly influences photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and leaf temperature via the energy balance equation [33].
Kinetic fractionation is described for diffusion from the evaporating surface inside the leaf to the atmosphere, taking into account diffusion through the leaf boundary layer.
For example, trichomes may be involved in deterring predators as well as moderating leaf boundary layer, and have also been found to influence the degree to which water is retained on the plant epidermis – its wettability [1].
It is equally hard to distinguish herbivory or wounding at the leaf boundary from serrations.
The example A. thaliana leaves in Figure 3G highlight another point that users must be aware of: currently, the software will not distinguish between wounding at the leaf boundary and serrations.
In this sense, cavities are defined as missing leaf area (holes) within the leaf lamina and do not account for herbivory starting at the edge of the leaf, which is computationally more difficult to quantify as it would require retrospective calculation of where the leaf boundary was previously.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com