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The use of modern techniques enables the radiation oncologist to deliver precise RT doses, therefore margins around the tumor can be reduced which leads to sparing of normal tissue.
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It is well documented that late-fetal nutrient deprivation in humans and other mammals can lead to sparing of the growth of the brain at the expense of other less critical organs (Gruenwald, 1963).
Introduction of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) leads to significant sparing of the parotid glands in patients with clinically negative neck nodes because of rapid dose fall of from the target volume [ 7, 8].
Thus, increasing non-protein energy-yielding nutrients such as lipids generally leads to a protein sparing effect, probably by redirecting dietary protein and amino acids from energy production toward tissue deposition [ 42, 43].
It is recognised that this heterogeneity leads to a greater sparing capacity of normal liver and thus tolerance of higher average doses due to the non-uniformity of the dose pattern [28, 29].
We observe that intrastriatal delivery of NGF and BDNF using a viral vector system can mitigate, albeit only moderately, neuronal death following stroke, which leads to detectable functional sparing.
Malnutrition leads to a 'brain-sparing' reflex, where blood is redistributed to the brain to maintain oxygen supply, which can result in the birth of a fetus with a disproportionately large head 109.
Inhibiting FASN leads to tumor cell death while sparing normal cells, which do not have the dependence of this enzyme for normal functions, and restores membrane architecture to more normal properties thereby resensitizing tumors to killing by chemotherapies.
The resulting inhibition of the kinase activity leads to apoptosis of leukemic cells sparing normal hematopoiesis.
Our data show that interlaced microbeam irradiation allows a high homogeneous dose deposition in a brain target and leads to a confined tissue necrosis while sparing surrounding tissues.
Reduction of delivery time could decrease the possibility of the intrafraction patient motion that leads to target underdosage and/or worse OARs sparing.
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