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In cells of the B-cell lineage and in plasmacytoma/myeloma cells, this facilitates transmission of prosurvival signals, the enhancement of proliferation, differentiation and inhibition of apoptosis by induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL; in hepatocytes, it leads to maturation and enhancement of liver regeneration (Schwarze and Hawley, 1995; Minami et al, 1996; Hirano et al, 2000).
To assess whether cultivation of hiPSC-CMs in 3D engineered heart tissue format leads to maturation of energy metabolism, we analyzed the mitochondrial and metabolic state of 3D hiPSC-CMs and compared it with 2D culture.
Interestingly, heterozygous deficiency for PHD2 in the stroma of the tumor leads to maturation of the endothelium and inhibits metastasis [15].
In this model, interaction of CD40 with its counterpart, CD40L, which is expressed on CD4+T cells, leads to maturation of dendritic cells.
AMPK activation leads to maturation of contractile actomyosin bundles.
LPS-mediated TLR4 signaling leads to maturation of DCs [ 80].
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We thank the members of the Hotamisligil laboratory for discussions, comments and research contributions that lead to maturation of this review.
In general, it is thought that low affinity interactions lead to maturation, whereas high affinity interactions result in clonal deletion.
In contrast, neither hypoxia nor CoCl2 induced HIF-1α accumulation lead to phenotypic maturation of MoDC examined after 24 hours suggesting that changes in HIF-1α per se do not necessarily lead to maturation.
While LPS led to maturation of DCs from both cultures, i.e. hsFlt3L and canine IL-4/GM-CSF, we found little or no effect of CpGs on cytokine release from PBMC-derived DCs.
Such recognition events lead to maturation of these APC to enable presentation of processed antigen to T cells in immunogenic form, involving provision of costimulation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com