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Although the Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) is considered the leading outcome measure for patients with osteoarthritis of the lower extremity, recent work has challenged its factorial validity and the physical function subscale's ability to detect valid change when pain and function display different profiles of change.
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16 17 The leading outcomes of interest were relative risks of incident stroke in patients with an eGFR of 60-90 ml/min/1.73 m and <60 ml/min/1.73 m.
2 Evidence is now accumulating that not only entire studies but also individual study outcomes are reported selectively, leading to outcome reporting bias.
A slightly asymmetric soft tissue balancing is mandatory using medial pivot designs to obtain a correct and physiological knee biomechanics leading good outcomes and long survival rates.
Toxic waste disposal Hundreds of millions of people, especially in low-income countries, are exposed to toxic waste, leading to outcomes such as cancer and acute poisonings.
Treu threw out the state's tenure and seniority systems, saying they harmed all students, but especially poor and minority students, leading to outcomes that "shocked the conscience".
For complex traits, different combinations of risk factors can lead to similar clinical outcomes, leading to disease heterogeneity.
Therefore, accidental hypothermia seems to be a result and driver of severe shock finally leading to adverse outcome [13].
Finally, neoadjuvant combination therapy with BEV may result in downstaging of disease extent, possibly leading to improved outcome.
She then asks herself which of the available final outcomes brings her the highest utility, and chooses the action that starts the chain leading to this outcome.
However, experimental imperfections often jeopardize the outcome, leading to severe losses in sensitivity.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com