MLWin uses Quasi-likelihood for models with discrete dependent variables and thus the reported likelihood estimates are only approximate leading to unreliable likelihood ratio tests [54].
For males, the log-likelihood for the model with a quadratic term for year is -2 ℓ = 2919.0, whereas the log-likelihood for the model without the quadratic terms is -2 ℓ = 2920.2, leading to a likelihood ratio test statistic value of 1.2 with p-value 0.27, clearly not significant.
Increasing accompaniment of children, which is often carried out as car transportation, creates more motorized traffic, thus leading to lower likelihood of other children traveling independently and actively.
Meanwhile, in the OECD countries, early retirements of coal plants are announced with increasing frequency, leading to the likelihood that many jurisdictions will be coal-free as early as 2030.
Using an experiment with nonprofessional investor participants, we find that the EOM has the unintended consequence of increasing investors' perceptions of management credibility, leading to higher likelihood of investment.
In February, it approved its £102m savings plan, leading to the likelihood that about 1,000 jobs will be cut over two years.
In February, the council approved its £102m savings plan, leading to the likelihood that about 1,000 jobs will be cut over two years.
Under a current model of TLR function [15], the proinflammatory signal-transduction cascade that protects the host from disease caused by MTB may be detrimentally altered in individuals with rare TLR6 variants, thereby leading to enhanced likelihood of clinical disease.
Evidence from New Zealand, however, suggests a continuum, with increasing externalising behaviour leading to increased likelihood of poor outcomes in adulthood.
Viral hepatitis hepatitis B and C is also more prevalent in the South Asian population, leading to increased likelihood of liver failure.
SAD can be particularly disabling in some patients, leading to reduced likelihood of employment, social isolation, functional disability, and dissatisfaction with life and health [ 1].
