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We genotyped nine lead variants in the seven genes in 4,973 glucose-tolerant and 3,612 type 2 diabetes Danish individuals.
Although all children produced voiced plosives using a short-lag VOT, the bilingual children also produced some voicing lead variants.
The novel lead variants were generally in strong (r > 0.7) or moderate LD (r = 0.3 0.7) with the original GWAS tag SNP; however, for five regions, the new lead SNP was only in weak LD with the original signal (r < 0.3).
In each of the 38 studies, the design of the new crop, the selection of lead variants, and agronomic and compositional analysis of the variant selected for commercialization predicted that no intended or unintended effects of human health significance would be detectable in WF toxicity studies.
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Typically, GWA studies report the association of a single lead variant in a genetic region.
Data-driven selection of the 'lead' variant results in bias in the causal estimate, as the association of the lead variant is typically over-estimated [Burgess et al., 2011b].
This bias can be eliminated by choosing the lead variant for each genetic region from an independent data source.
► The lead variant was associated with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) in meta-analysis of 5 studies (n > 50,000).
There are 17 variants within a 500 kb range of the CASR gene in various degrees of linkage disequilibrium; the lead variant was rs1801725.
The causal effect of calcium levels on fasting glucose is estimated using the full set of 17 variants, the subset of 6 variants, and the lead variant only (Table 1).
Information on such variants could be included correctly in a summarized analysis by considering conditional effects of variants on the risk factor and outcome by adjustment for the lead variant in a regression model [Yang et al., 2012].
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