Because the assessment of toxicity is subjective, retrospective comparisons may be biased and lead to the wrong conclusion.
In this case, the optimistic simulation results for PFS even lead to the wrong conclusion that PFS is better if we only rely on the simulation results.
This 'bone sound' test should only be made with a solid surgical instrument in order to avoid the fact that the sound produced by the surgical instrument itself may lead to the wrong conclusion.
"But any show curated without respect for the people's struggle, without concern for an artist's need for honest self-expression, will inevitably lead to the wrong conclusion".
However, there are still a number of intrinsic issues that could lead to the wrong conclusion regarding antibody specificity.
Typically, ignoring the correlation of observations leads to smaller standard errors (SEs) and increases type I errors, which might lead to the wrong conclusion [ 34].
False negative results lead to the wrong conclusion that the drug is ineffective for the indication, resulting in a loss of opportunity.
A large number of subgroups will reduce the comparability of studies and increase the complexity of meta-analysis, which may in turn lead to the wrong conclusion.
Recent studies about the applicability of PPV [ 5- 7], or the study from Biais and colleagues [ 13] reporting a large grey zone, may lead to the wrong conclusion that PPV has limited clinical value.
Comparisons based on individuals may also lead to the wrong conclusion about the evolutionary history of related taxa, due to undetected incomplete lineage sorting and/or reticulate evolution [ 11].
