Intensive research over the last several years has led to the appreciation that these tiny RNAs act via a highly prevalent, and generally conserved, gene expression regulatory mechanism that impacts development, homeostasis and disease.
This has led to the appreciation of task-related modulations in high gamma (70 200 Hz) activity.
In the last decade, a series of important observations have led to the appreciation of new diagnostic possibilities.
An illuminating series of studies over the past 5 years has led to the appreciation that, far from being members of categorically fixed subsets, CD4+ T cells can switch their expression of transcription factors and therefore downstream effector functions including cytokines, dependent on the inflammatory environment they find themselves in 1.
Observations that this cardinal "Th1-driven" disease was independent of either IFN-γ or IL-12 2, 3, led to the appreciation of the indispensible role of IL-23 4 and, ultimately, to the characterization of the IL-17-producing, ROR-γt-expressing, Th17 subset and its importance in EAE 5.
However, the high levels in a patient with Morvan's syndrome who made a substantial recovery with plasma exchange, and a chance conversation with Joel Oger (neurologist in Vancouver) led to the appreciation that such antibodies were also present in patients with CNS disease, including limbic encephalitis (Buckley et al., 2001).
China's central bank announced June 19 that it would begin to allow the country's currency, the renminbi, to begin fluctuating more against other currencies, a decision that the United States and others expected to lead to the renminbi's appreciation against the dollar.
In the mid-1990s, the advent of simple PCR assays led to the widespread appreciation of one particular symbiont, Wolbachia.
Recognition of concurrent changes in other articular tissues such as synovium [ 11] and subchondral bone (SCB) [ 12, 13] has led to the widespread appreciation that OA is a disease which affects all the tissues in a joint.
Mr. Geithner praised China at the closing session on Friday for "significant and promising" currency reforms that, over time, would lead to further appreciation of the renminbi against the dollar and other major currencies.
