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These deposits finally lead to plaque formation and arterial stiffness.
LDL is known as bad cholesterol because it can lead to plaque build-up in the arteries.
Some mutations lead to plaque buildup in the hands, feet, liver or heart, said Dr. Jeffrey Kelly, a chemist at the Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, Calif.
Saturated fats are considered bad because they raise levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood and lower the "good" high- density lipoproteins (HDL), all of which lead to plaque formation and clogged arteries.
Aberrant lipid accumulation in both endothelial cells and macrophage foam cells as well as atherogenic inflammation in the atherosclerotic lesions, if left untreated, eventually lead to plaque rupture and arterial damage, causing devastating consequences.
An indication that this might lead to plaque formation came from finding that the samples contain compounds produced when ozone oxidizes cholesterol.
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Addition of copper to the drinking water of cholesterol-fed rabbits can increase this number still further and may lead to plaque-like structures.
So it was fairly logical that the cholesterol we eat would raise blood cholesterol, blood cholesterol would lead to plaques, and that would lead to heart attacks.
This would lead to plaques with more macrophages and fat and less collagen, which are more prone to rupture and cause clinical manifestations.
Indeed, decreasing PARP-1 activity not only led to plaque stability, but actually promoted regression of pre-established atherosclerotic plaques [15], [16], [17].
Our study indicates that antioxidants may promote angiogenesis through the release of NO from S-nitrosothiols which could lead to potentially adverse effects in pathologies such as cardiovascular disease where increased angiogenesis in the adventitia/neointima leads to plaque instability [57].
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