Sampling properties of networks have hitherto been largely ignored – whereas the poor data quality has attracted considerable attention [ 13, 14] – but may lead to large variances and biases for network statistics obtained for different subnets, and act independently of noise.
As expected, the two-SCP models lead to larger variance reductions, but it is interesting to notice than all pairs of proxies exhibit very similar performance.
Controlling for autocorrelation corrects the precision estimates, and because diary data are usually positively autocorrelated, this leads to larger variance estimates.
Although, in most cases, protein AS isoforms show only small differences, some isoforms can lead to large functional variances and even to genetic disorders [4].
Measurement error in the dependent variable costs could lead to larger error variance when estimating the association between volume and costs, which would lower the chance of finding a significant association between these two variables.
In addition, the between-chip variance for these arrays was much higher than observed in the 1M-Duo Batch 1 dataset, which lead to large estimates of pooling and pool-construction variance overall.
Mäki-Tanila and Hill (2014) showed that when heterozygosity at individual loci is high, multilocus epistasis could lead to large increases in the nonadditive part of the genotypic variance.
In such spawning aggregations, territorial behavior and reproductive competition among males may lead to a large variance in reproductive success among individual males.
The choice of experimental noise is critical for the results of any analysis of the parameter variance, since larger measurement noise leads to larger parameter variance.
The dominant males rule the reproductive roost, leading to large reproductive variance among the males, but the females do not vary much in how many offspring they produce.
