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Postsurgical functional decline is common in older patients and can lead to frailty and increased mortality.
The overrepresentation of more severe crashes (i.e., those that resulted in deaths or severe injuries) in police databases may also lead to frailty bias (Langford et al. 2006), which would lead to overestimation of the ERR for the oldest pedestrians, and underestimation of their FRR.
A chronic sedentary lifestyle can lead to "frailty," a multidimensional geriatric syndrome of decreased resistance to stressors resulting in cumulative systemic declines [10] [13].
Thus, it looks readily conceivable that hypovitaminosis D may lead to frailty, through negative effects on muscle strength and/or function.
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function that occurs to a varying extent in all individuals and can lead to frailty and a decrease in mobility and quality of life (Janssen et al., 2002).
28 In addition, according to the integral conceptual model of frailty, where frailty is affected by physical, psychological and social factors, life-course determinants such as sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, life events and environment-related factors can directly influence frailty as well as the onset of diseases that lead to frailty.
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One of the pathways that leads to frailty and disability among older adults is oxidative stress.
They often experience losses in various domains of functioning, which leads to frailty, especially after hospitalisation [ 2].
2 Therefore, weight gain worsens age-related impairment of physical function and often leads to frailty and is frequently associated to sarcopenia.
Infections may lead to irreversible frailty and, thereby, more dependency on long-term healthcare [ 6].
Vaccination of persons aged 50 or older is important, considering immunosenescence and the fact that infections frequently lead to irreversible frailty and thereby to more dependency after recovery [ 6].
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