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Such performances, as well as feasibility constraints related to the component characteristics, are translated in the method as bounds in the lead – diameter space.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of lead diameter and design on implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) lead survival in children and young adults.
Lead design and engineering aimed at reducing ICD lead diameter may increase associated subacute complications, including cardiac perforation, lead dislodgement, or lead failure.
Laser extractions were usually (94%) performed with a single sheath technique and with an upgraded sheath size, similar to that recommended for an outer sheath for a certain lead diameter.
Methods for overcoming driveline-related infections include aggressive wound care [ 27], transcutaneous energy-transfer technology [ 28], and a smaller lead diameter for reducing trauma [ 29], as well as tunneling of the driveline to distant sites, such as the highly vascular postauricular region of the head, using a skull-mounted pedestal [ 30].
Contrary to the originally described extraction technique employing double telescoping mechanical sheaths and matching inner sheath size close to the lead diameter, we found single sheath laser technique and a certain amount of laser sheath oversizing essential for success, especially regarding heavily fibrosed leads.
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From this distance LED diameters and center-to-center distances were 4.92 and 9.23 minutes of visual angle, respectively, and the full array was 9.80 × 9.80 degrees of visual angle.
The irregular edges of the holes on the Ag thin film which would locally impede the metal catalytic solution etching might lead to diameter discrepancy between the holes and top of the nanowires.
The maximum lead body diameter is 4.7 Fr and the lead is easily manoeuvrable.
The EL spectra of ordered ZnO nanorod array/p-GaN LED (the diameter of the ZnO nanorods in use is 300 nm) with graphene current spreading layer under various currents ranging from 2 to 10 mA are shown in Figure 3a.
Failures were not associated with implantation time (for all leads and for laser-extracted leads), previous extraction attempts, laser use, lead/sheath diameter difference, lead polarity, lead material (silicon/polyurethane), patient gender, laser sheath size, or model (SLS I/II).
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