The stress state around a moving indenter scratching a coating/substrate system is very complex and it is difficult to determine the stresses which lead to detachment.
From the BSE image and elemental mapping it is apparent that the older and newer painting layers are separated at their interface that could lead to detachment (Fig. 14c, d).
Captain Williams was laid low by a wound to the head, and Dennis by a severe wound to the thigh (although he continued to lead his detachment throughout the action).
Defects in FAZ can lead to detachment of flagellum from cell body and cytokinesis arrest [34], [35].
The geometrical parameters were chosen to yield samples which possess a mechanical instability at high compressive loading, known to lead to detachment.
By contrast, 5 days of treatment in DM lead to detachment of cells from the well surface, maybe due to cytotoxic effects of nutrient-deprived conditions (data not shown).
First, it can target scaffolding proteins (such as Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome Protein), which control actin dynamics in adherent cells and therefore lead to detachment and cell death by anoikis.
Disturbance of Rock function can lead to detachment of cells from the matrix and cell death and so we immuno-stained for cleaved caspase-3, a marker of apoptotic cells.
One likely explanation for the increased occurrence of lead head detachment and reattachment in recent AFM studies (Kodera et al., 2010; Ando et al., 2013) is the much lower ATP concentration used or the non-negligible interaction of the AFM tip with the protein.
In this context, Yates [ 31] has argued that experience of physical abuse can lead to detachment from the body and a probable desensitization to physical pain, which might be one explanation why individuals with such experiences turn to NSSI rather than to less painful experiences [ 58].
