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Finally, a novel process for the leaching of cobalt from spent LiCoO2 is proposed.

Several studies reported the leaching of cobalt (Co) and lithium (Li) from spent lithium-ion batteries using various organic acids and hydrogen peroxide (Li et al. 2010, 2013).

The thermodynamics, kinetics, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses are used to determine the probable control mechanism involved in the leaching of cobalt from spent LiCoO2.

The GEP-based models were able to predict the leaching of cobalt with a mean standard error (MSE) of less than 0.1 and mean R-square of 0.979.

Interestingly, WC-Co particles (consisting of 30 μg/ml WC and 3 μg/ml cobalt) showed a higher toxicity than equivalent concentrations of CoCl2 (3 μg/ml) indicating that leaching of cobalt alone may not explain the toxic effects.

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Additionally, corrosion investigations show helpful explanations for leaching mechanisms of cobalt from cemented carbides, which so far are not connected to reclamation reviews.

Kinetics analysis indicates that the leaching process of cobalt could be divided into two stages: the first stage is controlled by a surface chemical reaction, and the second stage is controlled by a combination of the surface chemical reaction and diffusion.

In the ammonia pressure leaching of nickel, cobalt is recovered from solution by reduction with hydrogen under pressure.

In this study, a gene-expression programming (GEP), i.e., a new evolutionary computing approach, was applied for the prediction of cobalt leaching from waste LIBs using H2SO4 XPS x00A0;in the presence of H2O2.

Biswas and Mulaba-Bafubiandi (2016) used citric, oxalic, and gluconic acids for the leaching of copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) from oxidized ore.

From the leaching data the apparent diffusivity of cobalt, cesium, and strontium in the cement-bentonite matrix was measured.

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