Sentence examples for ld using the from inspiring English sources
Individual SNP genotypes were analyzed for pairwise linkage disequilibrium (LD) using the HaploView program (http://www.broad.mit.edu/haploview/haploview-downloads).
PLINK was also used to prune SNPs in high LD, using the following settings: -indep 50 5 2, resulting in a dataset of 220,247 SNPs.
To determine how cellular metabolism was affected in atips1 mutants, we performed metabolomic analyses on the mutant after transfer to LD using the GC-TOF-MS approach described by Noctor et al. [32].
For all genes represented in our data by two or more SNPs, we computed paired linkage disequilibrium (LD) using the Haploview software and carried out haplotype analysis using the haplo.stats R-package.
For analyses of long range LD using the 104 Affymetrix SNPs covering ∼1 Mb region, we first inferred long-range haplotypes using the algorithm by Scheet and Stephens [31], implemented in the software fastPHASE.v130.beta (details in supplementary File S1).
One hundred such samples were drawn and investigated for haplotypic LD using the Arlequin v 2.000 [29] and LIAN v3.5 [30] computer programmes, using 100,000 iterations of the latter to obtain the standardised index of association, IAS, [31], [32] and its significance.
The performance of quaternary Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N multi-quantum well (MQW) laser diodes (LDs) using the simulation program of Integrated System Engineering Technical Computer Aided design (ISE TCAD) was studied.
Since Nakamura et al.'s report of pulsed operation, many groups have reported pulsed operation of the LDs using the same structure (34 40).
Examination of linkage disequilibrium (LD) using r2 between the top 20 markers revealed meaningful LD (<1% for genome-wide marker-marker r2) between many of the markers pairs including those on different chromosomes.
We estimated linkage disequilibrium (LD) using "D" as the standardized measure, for all possible pairs of SNP loci.
Current approaches compute LD using genotype data from the International HapMap project [ Altshuler et al., 2012 ].
