Although DEF through various researches is suggested, its range is too wide and it does not consider dynamic laying effect.
Presumably, if all records were pooled with appropriate weightings and corrections for week of laying effect, somewhat higher values would be predicted.
The time of each laying event had no effect on δ15N values for any tissue (Table 1A).
Egg identity (host, control or experimental) and shell thickness of the experimental egg were modelled as fixed effects, and clutch membership (and thus honeyguide laying event) as a random effect.
Compared with the sulfur damage on dry reservoir core, the improvement arisen from this reaction lays more effect in this experiment, thus the core permeability is ultimately increased.
The team speculates on the biological mechanism behind the observed effects, laying the groundwork for future research.
However, experimental females generally incubated less than expected based on the total number of eggs they laid (negative effect of treatment; Table 1).
In general, disentangling pre- and post-laying effects on fitness returns is important for our understanding of the evolution of reproductive strategies and life-history traits [ 1, 16], as these effects might reflect the outcome of independent selection pressures or of co-adaption processes.
They are, in effect, laying claim to the control of Kerkuk's oil wealth.
In 1329, Byzantine troops were sent to meet the Ottoman forces who had been blockading, and in effect laying siege to, Nicaea since 1301.
However, this perspective ignores the potential effect of laying order on pre-hatching viability, an effect which some studies suggest should offset the effect of laying order on post-hatching viability.
