More detailed in situ hybridization analyses revealed a variety of complex spatial expression patterns both in terms of areal and layer specificity of expression (Figure 6).
Homeodomain factors are thought to regulate the layer specificity but not the neuronal fate, while basic helix loop helix (bHLH) transcription factors determine the neuronal fate within homeodomain factor-specified layers [2] [4].
For CNTN4 (Figure 6C), the layer specificity of expression varied with anterior-posterior levels: it was found in some cells of the MZ, and diffusely in the CP in the PFO regions, while in PT domains, CNTN4 was strongest in the superficial part of the CP.
Layer specificity of ripples and fast ripples has not been described in human neocortex.
Also, the effects of Aqp4 deletion on volume and [K+]o share the same layer specificity in that they occur in stratum radiatum but not in stratum pyramidale.
Hence, when studying the modulatory effects of acetylcholine release and nicotine on attention performance in vivo, layer specificity is a critical factor.
The matched directional preferences and layer specificity strongly suggest that Hx receives local motion signals from the T4T5 system but do not preclude other potential inputs.
In our selected CLM panel, layer specificity was shown for Otx1, N200, Tbr1 and Map1b in keeping with previous data [ 26, 46].
And when time-course progresses to the postnatal course, the layer specificity expression of Tbr1 is gradually downregulated but begins to present in several upper-layer neurons [ 26, 28, 29].
Although little studied in human brain [ 26], in our cases ER81 showed no layer specificity, being expressed in a proportion of pyramidal and non-pryamidal neurons (and perineuronal satellite cells) through all layers.
