This physical layer of variability is what makes reliable communication over wireless multipath channels more difficult to achieve.
The rate variability may be considered a "second layer" of variability in our implementation.
With the advances in deep resequencing data analysis, new studies focused on the structural variability of the human genome (Sudmant et al. 2010; Campbell et al. 2011; Lopes et al. 2013) have revealed that the 17q21 segment is also considerably polymorphic at the copy-number (hereon, CN) level, adding a new layer of variability to the already complex architecture of the region.
In the case of vaginal fluid, the presence of mucus can introduce another layer of variability since it can bind some cytokines and thus affect their recognition by capturing antibodies or may nonspecifically attach to immunobeads or assay plates thus affecting downstream assay events.
While progress has been made in understanding the vast number of mutations in sequenced tumor samples and the processes generating them (Alexandrov et al., 2013a, Alexandrov et al., 2013b, Fischer et al., 2013, Lawrence et al., 2013, Nik-Zainal et al., 2012a), another layer of variability has been discovered in the form of subclonal population structure.
While our study showed a high degree of cellular damage into deep tissue layers of MOE, variability in clinical presentation (i.e., severity and recovery) is possible given the variable anatomy of the human nasal cavity.
Because this kind of artifacts has been shown to have a substantial effect on high throughput experiments and in particular with Illumina methylation arrays, we asked whether we could highlight and reduce this additional layer of confounding variability, in particular when biological factors are admixed with non-random assignment of samples to arrays or batches.
On a general note, diurnal variation of ionospheric F2 layer characteristics coefficient of variability (CV) is characterised by post- and pre-midnight peaks at all seasons, epochs and longitude.
Rather than focusing solely on L4, it would have been much more interesting to compare L4 with other cortical layers, and investigate the sources of variability there.
