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The subchondral bone is often involved when the articular surface is damaged and needs to be treated to have a correct and durable restoration of the most superficial layers of the joint.
The importance of defining the depth of experimentally produced defects in relation to the different layers of the joint organ and evaluation of the results in relation to that—has been emphasized by others (Brittberg et al. 1996, Breinan et al. 1997, Frisbie et al. 1999, 2003, Hunziker 1999, Burr 2004).
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FLS and intimal macrophages constitute the intimal lining layer of the joint.
For all of the experiments, the outer layer of the joint capsule with the fibrous tissue was used.
In a normal joint, the lining layer of the joint cavity (synovium) is composed of intimal lining and sublining formed by cells submerged in a bed of extracellular matrix (ECM).
Chondrocyte death and MMP-mediated cartilage destruction were measured in various layers of the knee joint using histology of total knee joints.
The numbers of empty lacunae (resulting from chondrocyte death) present within various cartilage layers of the knee joint were determined and expressed as a percentage of the total numbers of chondrocytes present.
Loss of red staining (a measure of PG loss), was scored on an arbitrary scale from 0 to 3 in various cartilage layers of the knee joint (medial and lateral femur, tibia and patella).
Fig. 1 Cross-layer interactions of the joint scheme in the protocol stack.
Proteoglycan depletion from the cartilage layers of the knee joints in both groups was similar at days 3 and 7. Aggrecan breakdown in cartilage caused by MMPs was further studied by immunolocalisation of MMP-mediated neoepitopes (VDIPEN).
The stress states in the plates and the adhesive layer of the tee joint configurations bonded to a rigid base and a composite plate were investigated.
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