Sentence examples for layers of immunity from inspiring English sources

A polyepitope chimeric antigen incorporating multiple protective and conservative epitopes from multiple antigens of Plasmodium falciparum has been considered to be more effective in inducing multiple layers of immunity against malaria than a single stage- or single antigen-based vaccine.

The swift removal of dying cells is particularly imperative in these diseases, and several layers of immunity need to ensure this vital process.

In turn, many plants have evolved another layer of immunity triggered by Resistance (R) proteins, the so-called Effector-Trigered Immunity (ETI).

The choice of which layer of immunity is activated upon a particular interaction with non-host pathogen seems to be case specific [ 55- 57].

This review emphasizes the biotechnological potential of molecules implicated in the different layers of plant immunity, including, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP -triggered immunity (PAMP -triggeredtrimmunitysuscePTIbility (ETS), and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) that can be applied in the development of disusceptibilityt gETSticandy modified (GM) plants.

Biomolecules involved in the first layers of plant immunity, PTI and ETS, include inhibitors of pathogen cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and susceptibility (S) proteins, while the ETI-related biomolecules include plant resistance (R) proteins.

The first layer of innate immunity is called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) that the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) is mounted by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) (Jones and Dangl 2006).

Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) are two layers of innate immune system in plant (Chisholm et al. [2006]; Tsuda and Katagiri [2010]).

Sawinski et al. [ 28] showed that microbial invasion is restricted or prevented by stomata closure upon perception of MAMPs, and this represents an important layer of active immunity at the preinvasive level.

However, the N-glycans added to proteins in the secretory pathway of multicellular organisms are remodeling in the Golgi, increasing structural diversity exponentially and adding new layers of functionality in immunity, metabolism and other systems.

Plants have evolved the second layer of the immune system called effector-triggered immunity (ETI), which is activated upon recognition of pathogen-secreted avirulence (Avr) effectors by cognate plant resistance (R) receptors (Bonardi and Dangl 2012).