For 1 µm active layer case, the optimal result for the proposed structure achieves short-circuit current of ~23.6 mA/cm2, which performs over 50% better than flat solar cell structure, the short-circuit current of which is ~15.5 mA/cm2.
The result showed that in the single-layer case, the BKT critical temperature which corresponds to the vortex SC is equal to the MF temperature 100 K beginning from a rather low value of doping less than 0.01.
For the simulated two-layer case, the dimensions of the bottom and top layers were 10 × 10 × 8 cm and 10 × 10 × 1 cm, respectively, with the same node distance as for the homogeneous case.
However, we are mainly concerned with the two-layer case when the system is in slow regime.
To adapt these definitions to the three-layer case given by the voice call, the SMS, and the co-location layers, we set D={c,l,l o c}, where c, s, and loc, respectively stand for call, SMS, and co-location.
To obtain the mapping in an n+1 layer case, we rewrite the system Eq. (3) as where [ B], [ C], [ D], [ E], [ F], [ G] represent here submatrices of the complete BEM matrix corresponding to the uninteresting parameters.
For the single layer graphene case, the surface plasmons at the interface between graphene and kerr-type nonlinear substrate were discussed [8].
This unique structure directly influences the band structure of graphene, which is governed by a quasi-Dirac electron system that varies from the single-layer case with gapless spectrum characteristics to the bilayer case with a small forbidden gap[1, 2].
As a result the associated states essentially follow the dispersion of the valence band in the one-layer case, see Fig. 4(b) and (c).
