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Lactam-based semiconducting donor polymer materials often exhibit high performance in the photoactive layer of solution processed organic solar cells.
During galvanic corrosion, marked changes in pH occurred, which were confined to a thin layer of solution ca. 1.5 mm over the couple surface.
If a current larger than the limiting current is forced upon the electrode, the given electrode process will be able to sustain it only in the initial period in which the layer of solution close to the electrode is not completely exhausted of the discharging ions.
The maximum of current near 1.0 V is mainly due to the oxidation of HSO−3 ions which are present in acid solutions in bulk, while in alkaline solutions they might be formed in the near-electrode layer of solution as a product of the chemical reaction that follows the reaction of oxidation of sulfite ions.
Spectra were filmed with a thin layer of solution deposited between two plates of KBr.
Since there exists an energy gradient between the solution and wall-surface of the template, hence, the solution spreads over the wall-surface of the nanochannels, thereby forming a thin layer of solution known as a precursor film [10, 31].
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However, spurious data may result from gases becoming trapped within the boundary layer of solution-cultured roots and nodules.
These inserts allow varying the thickness of the absorbing layer of solutions.
The faster growing points penetrate into ever richer layers of solution, resulting in ever faster growth.
Three layers of solution of Paraloid B72 were put on limestone samples, to ensure the formation of a solid film on the stone surface.
A layer of BTC3− solution in DMSO (solution viscosity 3.92 × 10−2 Pa s) was first coated on the glass substrate by dip coating, on the top of which was subsequently introduced several droplets of Cu II) solution containing DMSO.
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