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The term "open-joint ventilated façades" refers to a building system in which an external layer of slabs or tiles (metallic, ceramic, stone or composite) is hanged by means of a metallic-frame structure to the exterior face of the brick wall, creating an air cavity between wall and slabs.
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Different combinations of under and over BFRP reinforcement at the top and bottom layers of slabs were investigated.
In the tested specimens, different interlocking mechanisms, continuous truss shear connectors and no connectivity between the two layers were used to connect the layers of slabs.
We propose that the reinforcement should be arranged straightly at both upper and lower layers of slab in longitudinal direction without using bent-up bars.
In this work, an ultracompact algal photobioreactor that alleviates the problem of non-optimal light distribution in current algae photobioreactor systems, by incorporating stacked layers of slab waveguides with embedded light scatterers, is presented.
Temperature in slab track will change with the environmental temperature, especially for the top layer of the slab track system track slab.
The results can provide reference for the calculation of temperature stress of CA mortar filling layer of ballastless slab track.
Moreover, it is established that the initial stretching of the upper layer of the slab causes the critical velocity to increase and the absolute values of the normal stresses acting on the mid-planes of the layers of the slab to decrease.
Moreover, it is also assumed that the velocity of the line-located time-harmonic oscillating moving load is constant as it acts on the free face of the upper layer of the slab.
Manipulations are simulated by molecular statics method: after each step, all atoms except the ones in the bottom layer of the slab and the top layer of the tip are fully relaxed until the forces are smaller than 0.01 eV/Å.
During the cement hydration phase, due to the hydration heat, the temperature at the bottom and middle layer of track slab is higher than that at the top, where heat can radiate to the outside easily, causing a large negative temperature gradient of several days.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com