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Depth profiles of the substrate cleaned with the anionic surfactant revealed the presence of a thin layer of residual surfactant.
Thermopiles have multilayer structure and sandwich membrane consists of layer of residual n-Si and sputtered oxide.
The second dune or intermediate dune displays the same surface that characterizes the proximal dune: a thick layer of residual pedologic carbonate concretions covers the dune resulting from a severe troncature of a former paleosoil.
The main contribution originates from the rigid substrate which delays the transformation of the Ni Mn Sn near the interface and even leads to a layer of residual austenite at low temperatures.
The SiNWs were then etched in 5 % dilute hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 85 s to partially remove the oxide layer, together with the embedded Ag nanoparticles, leaving behind a thin layer of residual SiOx of ~1 to 2 nm for surface passivation [11].
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Microstructural modification of deformed layer, profile of residual stresses and their influence on fatigue durability have been given significant emphasis.
The present study was designed to overcome these difficulties, by providing extensive data about the consequences of aneurysm on the directional, regional, and layer distribution of residual strains in the ascending thoracic aorta.
Finally, we cauterized the inner layer of the residual cystic wall with bipolar forceps.
The study showed that grit blasting of CP-Ti dental implants improves their fatigue life due to the layer of compressive residual stresses that is formed.
As a result of manufacturing – stepwise deposition of multiple layers – significant layer residual stresses in the GPa range occur in tension and compression.
As the structure is released from its surrounding layer, the relaxation of residual stress induces a displacement of flexible beam.
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