From the top to the bottom, these layers are sequentially named as contact layer, window layer, absorption layer, grading layer, charge layer, multiplication layer, InAlAs buffer layer, InP buffer layer, and InP substrate.
A new philosophy and design process for tailoring layer graded composites for both strength and damage tolerance has been highlighted for alumina-based ceramics.
Cartilage degeneration is associated with an increasing loss of mechanical resistance which results an increasing breakdown of the chondral layers (grade 2 lesions).
Recently, the authors have developed a novel processing route for fabricating multi-layer graded W/CuCrZr composites.
Technology allows the production of advanced (heterogeneous) materials controlling properties on an increasingly local scale, e.g. layered, graded, granular and fiber-reinforced.
The triple-layer graded LaBaCo2O5+δ Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (LBCO SDC) composite cathode was prepared by screen-printing method for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.
Dual-layer graded composite diamond coatings deposited with the concept of transition-layer are the prospective tool coatings for high performance machining applications due to their top-layer nanocrystallinity and enhanced interfacial integrity.
Dual-layer graded composite diamond coated (t = 14.7 min) and mono-layer MCD coated (t = 13.5 min) tools showed superior machining performance in comparison to that of the dual-layer composite diamond coated tool (t = 9.8 min).
Fault cores are characterised by cemented fault rock up to 25 cm thick, consisting of protocataclasite and ultracataclasite layers, grading to crush and fine crush breccia strongly affected by minor C1-type shear planes.
Diamond coatings with three different coating architectures were deposited for the machining study; (i) mono-layer MCD coating (MCD/WC Co), (ii) dual-layer composite diamond coating (NCD/MCD/WC Co) and (iii) dual-layer graded composite diamond coating (NCD/transition-layer/MCD/WC Co).
