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If he accepted lay authority in church government as exerted through the council, his personal influence averted both the subservient Erastianism (the supremacy of lay authority in ecclesiastical matters) of Lutheranism and exhausting conflict, as at Geneva.
Only a few years after Henry's death (1056), they agitated against lay authority in the church and issued a papal election decree that virtually eliminated imperial involvement.
Clerical spokesmen deplored the notion of lay authority in such matters and insisted that the Assembly must negotiate reforms with a national church council.
The position of Thomas, that a guilty clerk could be degraded and punished by the bishop but should not be punished again by lay authority—"not twice for the same fault"—was canonically arguable and ultimately prevailed.
He was singled out by Henry's enemies as the main author of the Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), which maintained contrary to Becket's stand that clerics convicted of felony in ecclesiastical courts should be punished by lay authority instead of by the church.
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There was no official confirmation of the appointment from either church or lay authorities.
At these councils, churchmen gathered with regional lay authorities and attempted to make manifest God's protective power.
The western deniers were in part from imperial mints, scattered among a much larger number of feudal mints, representing ecclesiastical rather than lay authorities.
Instead of fiddling about with their own arcane procedures, they should enlist lay authorities to help them clean up and obey the law, just like everybody else.
Not allowing the church a role in secular affairs, Philip forced Clement to annul Pope Boniface VIII's bulls Clericis Laicos, forbidding clergy to pay subsidies to lay authorities, and Unam Sanctam, defining the pope's supreme authority.
This bull prohibited the clergy from paying taxes to lay authorities without explicit consent from the Pope.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com