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There was no official confirmation of the appointment from either church or lay authorities.
At these councils, churchmen gathered with regional lay authorities and attempted to make manifest God's protective power.
The western deniers were in part from imperial mints, scattered among a much larger number of feudal mints, representing ecclesiastical rather than lay authorities.
Instead of fiddling about with their own arcane procedures, they should enlist lay authorities to help them clean up and obey the law, just like everybody else.
Not allowing the church a role in secular affairs, Philip forced Clement to annul Pope Boniface VIII's bulls Clericis Laicos, forbidding clergy to pay subsidies to lay authorities, and Unam Sanctam, defining the pope's supreme authority.
This bull prohibited the clergy from paying taxes to lay authorities without explicit consent from the Pope.
Similar(53)
If he accepted lay authority in church government as exerted through the council, his personal influence averted both the subservient Erastianism (the supremacy of lay authority in ecclesiastical matters) of Lutheranism and exhausting conflict, as at Geneva.
Clerical spokesmen deplored the notion of lay authority in such matters and insisted that the Assembly must negotiate reforms with a national church council.
Only a few years after Henry's death (1056), they agitated against lay authority in the church and issued a papal election decree that virtually eliminated imperial involvement.
The position of Thomas, that a guilty clerk could be degraded and punished by the bishop but should not be punished again by lay authority—"not twice for the same fault"—was canonically arguable and ultimately prevailed.
It's the ability to influence without lying, authority, or power.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com