The E.E.O.C. has been a plaintiff in several lawsuits over background checks, and the guidelines have led to a raft of lawsuits against companies under Title VII — at least seven are working their way through the courts.
The studies have been cited in some lawsuits over criminal background checks.
Defendants in lawsuits over criminal background checks have included transportation companies, a charter school, screening companies, a global consulting firm and the Census Bureau.
The ruling, from US district judge Edward Chen in San Francisco on Tuesday, allows the lawsuits over driver background checks to continue in federal court.
In one particularly startling case that became the subject of a 2011 federal lawsuit in Illinois, a background report on a young white job applicant in his 20s listed several "possible matches" in a nationwide database.
For background, the lawsuits claimed that after declining a request to purchase advertising on Yelp, a number of positive reviews from businesses' listings on the reviews site mysteriously disappeared, downgrading the company's rating on the site.
She vowed, among other things, to close gun-show loopholes, repeal the law that gives firearm companies immunity from lawsuits, and impose comprehensive background checks on anyone who wants to buy a weapon.
In the background is a lawsuit that has dragged on for nearly a century, Gregor v. Prus, a dispute over the estate of Baron Prus, who died in 1827.
The lawyers representing the six named plaintiffs in the class-action lawsuit argued that a criminal background check by the F.B.I. that was added to the process in 2002 was the main reason for the backlog, and that it only duplicated other mandated background checks.
In June 2016 Uber also paid $7.5M to settle a lawsuit brought by drivers over background checks.
4 26 p.m.: This post was updated with additional comments and background on similar lawsuits.
